Part1: Introduction and Background
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Principles of WCDMA
Part2: UMTS Network Architecture and Protocols
Chapter 3: UMTS Network Architecture
Chapter 4: User Equipment
Chapter 5: Access Network
Chapter 6: Core Network
Part 3: Procedures in UMTS Network
Chapter 7: Radio Resource Control Procedures
Chapter 8: UTRAN Signaling Procedures
Chapter 9: Mobility Management
Chapter 10: Call Handling
Chapter 11: Session Management
Chapter 12: Supplementary Services
Chapter 13: Value-added Services
Chapter 14: Security Management
Part4: IP Initiatives in UMTS Network
Chapter 15: IP Based Signaling Transport
Chapter 16: IP Multimedia Subsystem
Appendices
Appendix A: Deployment of 3G Networks
Appendix B: 4G Mobile Networks
PART I—INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Second
Generation Mobile Networks
1.2.1 Limitations of 2G Networks
1.3 Generation
Mobile Networks
1.4 International
Mobile Telecommunication-2000 (Imt-2000)
1.5 Third Generation
Partnership Program (3GPP)
1.5.1 Interaction of 3GPP with
other bodies
1.5.2 Objective of 3GPP
1.5.3 3GPP Technical Specifications
Group (TSG)
1.5.4 Stages of 3GPP Specifications
1.5.5 Series of 3GPP Specifications
1.5.6 Version Numbering of 3GPP
Specifications
1.5.7 Releases of 3GPP Specifications
1.5.8 Evolution towards 3GPP
Networks
Summary
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Requirements
for third Generation Air Interface
2.3 Schemes
for Radio Access
2.4 WCDMA Overview
2.4.1 Direct-Sequence CDMA
2.4.2 Wideband
2.4.3 Synchronization Aspects
2.4.4 Modes of Operation
2.5 Spreading
and De-spreading
2.5.1 Autocorrelation and Cross
Correlation
2.5.2 Benefits of Spreading
2.6 Scrambling
2.7 Rake Receiver
2.7.1 Bearer Services
2.7.2 Other Bearer Service
2.7.3 Teleservices
2.7.4 Supplementary Services
2.7.5 Other Services
2.7.6 Toolkits
2.8 Multipath
Diversity and Macrodiversity
2.9 Power Control
Mechanisms
2.9.1 Conversational Class
2.9.2 Streaming Class
2.9.3 Interactive Class
2.9.4 Background Class
2.10 Soft and Softer Handover
2.11 SRNS Relocation
Summary
PART II—UMTS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basic Structure
of UMTS Network
3.2.1 User Equipment (UE)
3.2.2 Access Network (AN)
3.2.3 Core Network (CN)
3.3 Access
Stratum and Non-access Stratum
3.3.1 Access Stratum (AS)
3.3.2 Non-Access Stratum (NAS)
3.4 Hierarchical
Network Organization
3.4.1 Public Land Mobile Network
(PLMN)
3.4.2 Location Area (LA)
3.4.3 Routing Area (RA)
3.4.4 UTRAN Registration Area
(URA)
3.4.5 Cell Global Identity (CGI)
3.5 Addresses
and Identifiers
3.5.1 Subscriber Identity
3.5.2 Service Identity
3.5.3 Temporary Identities
3.5.4 PDP Address
3.5.5 Equipment Identity
3.5.6 Location Number
3.5.7 Identifying Network Entities
3.6 Service
Aspects
3.7 Service
Classification
3.8 Quality
of Service (QoS) Architecture
3.9 UMTS QOS
Classes
Summary
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Components
of User Equipment
4.2.1 Universal Integrated Circuit
Card (UICC)
4.2.2 Mobile Equipment (ME)
4.2.3 User Equipment Combination
4.3 Interfaces
of User Equipment
4.3.1 External Interfaces
4.3.2 Internal Interfaces
4.4 UE Functions
4.4.1 Mobile Termination Functions
4.4.2 Terminal Equipment Functions
4.4.3 Terminal Adaptation Functions
4.4.4 USIM Functions
4.5 UE Protocols
4.6 Classification
of UE
Summary
5.1 Introduction
5.5.1 Access Stratum Protocols
5.5.2 Non-Access Stratum Protocols
5.2 Access
Network Entities
5.2.1 Base Station Sub-system
(BSS)
5.2.2 Radio Network Subsystem
(RNS)
5.3 Network
Interfaces
5.3.1 Abis Interface between
BSC and BTS
5.3.2 Iub Interface between RNC
and Node B
5.3.3 Iur Interface between RNCs
5.3.4 A Interface between MSC/VLR
and BSS
5.3.5 Gb Interface between SGSN
and BSS
5.3.6 Iu Interface between CN
and RNS
5.4 Radio Interface
Protocol Architecture
5.5 UTRAN Protocol
Architecture
5.5.1 Iu_CS Protocol Architecture
5.5.2 Iu_PS Protocol Architecture
5.5.3 Iur Protocol Architecture
5.5.4 Iub Protocol Architecture
5.5.5 Iu_BC Protocol Architecture
5.6 Functions
5.6.1 Transfer of User Data
5.6.2 System Access Control
5.6.3 Security Functions
5.6.4 Mobility Management
5.6.5 Radio Resource Management
5.6.6 Broadcast and Multicast
services
5.6.7 Other Functions
5.7 Radio Interface
Protocols
5.7.1 Physical Layer
5.7.2 Medium Access Control (MAC)
5.7.3 Radio Link Control (RLC)
5.7.4 Packet Data Convergence
Protocol (PDCP)
5.7.5 Broadcast/Multicast Control
(BMC)
5.7.6 Radio Resource Control
(RRC)
5.8 ATM-based
Transport Network Protocols
5.8.1 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
(ATM)
5.8.2 ATM Adaptation Layer 2
(AAL2)
5.8.3 ATM Adaptation Layer 5
(AAL5)
5.8.4 Service Specific Connection
Oriented Protocol (SSCOP)
5.8.5 Service-Specific Co-ordination
Function for NNI (SSCF-NNI)
5.8.6 Service-Specific Co-ordination
Function for UNI (SSCF-UNI)
5.8.7 Message Transfer Part 3
for Broadband (MTP3b)
5.8.8 Signaling Transport Converter
(STC)
5.8.9 AAL2 Signaling
5.9 Application
Layer Protocols
5.9.1 Radio Access Network Application
Part (RANAP)
5.9.2 Radio Network Sub-system
Application Part (RNSAP)
5.9.3 NBAP
5.9.4 Service Area Broadcast
Protocol (SABP)
5.9.5 Iu User Plane (UP) Protocol
5.9.6 Framing Protocols for Iub
and Iur Interface
Summary
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Entities
Common to CS and PS Domain
6.2.1 Home Location Register
(HLR)
6.2.2 Authentication Center (AuC)
6.2.3 Equipment Identity Register
(EIR)
6.2.4 Short Message Service (SMS)
entities
6.3 Entities
Specific to the CS Domain
6.3.1 Visitor Location Register
(VLR)
6.3.2 Mobile Switching Center
(MSC)
6.3.3 Gateway Mobile Switching
Center (GMSC)
6.4 Entities
Specific to the PS Domain
6.4.1 Serving GPRS Support Node
(SGSN)
6.4.2 Gateway GPRS Support Node
(GGSN)
6.4.3 Border Gateway (BG)
6.5 Service-specific
Entities of the Core Network
6.5.1 Gateway Mobile Location
Center (GMLC)
6.5.2 CAMEL Entities
6.5.3 Cell Broadcast Center (CBC)
6.6 Network
Interfaces of CS Domain
6.6.1 B Interface between MSC
and VLR
6.6.2 C Interface between GMSC
and HLR
6.6.3 D Interface between VLR
and HLR
6.6.4 E Interface between MSC
and MSC
6.6.5 F Interface between MSC
and EIR
6.6.6 G Interface between VLR
and VLR
6.6.7 Nb/Nc Interface between
MSC and GMSC
6.6.8 Interface between VLR and
SMS-MSC
6.7 Interfaces
of PS Domain
6.7.1 Gn/Gp Interface between
two GSNs
6.7.2 Gi Interface between GGSN
and PDN
6.7.3 Gr Interface between SGSN
and HLR
6.7.4 Gs Interface between SGSN
and MSC/VLR
6.7.5 Gf Interface between SGSN
and EIR
6.7.6 Gc Interface between GGSN
and HLR
6.7.7 Gd Interface between SGSN
and SMS-MSC
6.8 CS Domain
Protocol Architecture
6.8.1 User Plane
6.8.2 Control Plane
6.9 PS Domain
Protocol Architecture
6.9.1 User Plane
6.9.2 Control Plane
6.10 Core Network Functions
6.10.1 Mobility Management
6.10.2 Call Handling
6.10.3 Session Management
6.10.4 Supplementary Services
6.10.5 Short Message Service
6.10.6 Security Functions
6.11 Subscriber Data
6.12 SS7 Protocols
6.12.1 Message Transfer Part (MTP)
6.12.2 Signaling Connection Control
Part (SCCP)
6.12.3 ISDN User Part (ISUP)
6.13 Application
Protocols
6.13.1 Transaction Capabilities (TCAP)
6.13.2 Mobile application part (MAP)
6.13.3 NAS Signaling
6.13.4 GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP)
6.13.5 Base Station Sub-system Application
Part + (BSSAP+)
Summary
PART III—PROCEDURES IN UMTS NETWORK
7. Radio Resource Control Procedures
7.1 Introduction
7.2 RRC Protocol
States
7.3 RRC Connection
Management Procedures
7.3.1 Broadcast of System Information
7.3.2 Paging
7.3.3 UE Dedicated Paging
7.3.4 RRC Connection Establishment
7.3.5 RRC Connection Release
7.3.6 Signaling Connection Release
Procedure
7.3.7 Transmission of UE Capability
Information
7.3.8 Direct Transfer of NAS
Messages
7.3.9 Security Functions
7.4 Radio Bearer
Control Procedures
7.4.1 Radio Bearer Establishment
7.4.2 Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
7.4.3 Radio Bearer Release
7.4.4 Transport Channel Reconfiguration
7.4.5 Physical Channel Reconfiguration
7.5 RRC Connection
Mobility Procedures
7.5.1 Cell Update Procedure
7.5.2 UTRN Registration Area
(URA) Update Procedure
7.5.3 UTRAN Mobility Information
7.5.4 Soft Handover and Active
Set Update
7.5.5 Hard Handover
7.5.6 Inter-system Handover
7.6 Measurement
Procedures
7.6.1 Measurement Control
7.6.2 Measurement Report
Summary
8.1 Introduction
8.2.1 System Information Broadcasting
8.2.2 Service Area Broadcast
8.2 UTRAN Global
Signaling Procedures
8.3 UTRAN Signaling
Procedures for a Specific UE
8.3.1 Paging
8.3.2 NAS Signaling Connection
Establishment
8.3.3 RRC Connection Establishment
8.3.4 RRC Connection Release
8.3.5 Radio Access Bearer Establishment
8.3.6 Radio Access Bearer Release
8.3.7 Physical Channel Reconfiguration
8.3.8 Transport Channel Reconfiguration
8.3.9 Soft Handover
8.3.10 SRNC Relocation
8.3.11 Cell Update
8.3.12 URA Update
8.3.13 Direct Transfer
Summary
9.1 Introduction
9.2 State Model
for Mobility Management
9.3 Hierarchical
Management of Location Information
9.4 Paging
9.5 MM/GMM
Procedures Overview
9.6 MM Procedures
in the Mobile Station
9.6.1 MS ‘Idle Mode’ Procedures
9.6.2 MS ‘Connected Mode’ Procedures
9.7 MM Procedures
in the Access Network
9.8 MM Procedures
in the Core Network
9.8.1 MM Procedures in CS Domain
9.8.2 MM Procedures in PS Domain
9.8.3 Super-Charger Functionality
Summary
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Architecture
of MO and MT Calls
10.2.1 Architecture of Mobile-Originated
Call
10.2.2 Architecture of Mobile-Terminated
Call
10.2.3 Architecture of a Basic
Mobile-to-Mobile Call
10.3 Mobile-originated
Call Handling
10.4 Mobile-terminated
Call Handling
10.4.1 Retrieval of Routing Information
10.4.2 MT Call Handling at VPLMN
10.5 Interaction
of CF and CB Services With Call Handling Procedures
10.5.1 Interaction of CF and
CB Services with MT Calls
10.5.2 Interaction of CB Service
with MO Calls
10.6 Support
for Optimal Routing
10.6.1 Conditions for Optimal
Routing
10.6.2 Information Flows for
Optimal Routing
10.7 Immediate
Service Termination (IST)
10.7.1 IST Alert Service
10.7.2 IST Command Service
Summary
11.1 Introduction
11.2.1 Addressing
11.2.2 PDP Context Activation
and Deactivation
11.2.3 Packet Routing
11.2.4 Encapsulation and Tunneling
11.2.5 Packet Filtering
11.2 Session
Management Concepts
11.3 PDP Protocol
States
11.4 PDP Context
Activation Procedures
11.4.1 PDP Context Activation
Procedure
11.4.2 Secondary PDP Context
Activation Procedure
11.4.3 Network-requested PDP
Context Activation Procedure
11.5 PDP Context
Modification Procedures
11.5.1 MS-Initiated PDP Context
Modification Procedure
11.5.2 SGSN-Initiated PDP Context
Modification Procedure
11.5.3 Other PDP Context Modification
Procedures
11.6 PDP Context
Deactivation Procedures
11.6.1 MS-Initiated PDP Context
Deactivation Procedure
11.6.2 SGSN-Initiated PDP Context
Deactivation Procedure
11.6.3 Other PDP Context Deactivation
Procedure
Summary
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Supplementary
Service Concepts
12.2.1 Association with Basic
Services
12.2.2 SS Operations
12.2.3 SS State Information
12.3 Call Independent
SS Management
12.3.1 Call Independent SS Management
Procedures
12.3.2 Man-Machine Interface
for SS Management
12.4 Supplementary
Services in UMTS
12.4.1 Enhanced Multilevel Precedence
and Pre-emption (eMLPP)
12.4.2 Call Deflection (CD)
12.4.3 Line Identification
12.4.4 Call Forwarding (CF)
12.4.5 Call Barring
12.4.6 Call Waiting (CW) and
Call Hold (CH)
12.4.7 Multiparty
12.4.8 Closed User Group (CUG)
12.4.9 Advice of Charge (AoC)
12.4.10 User-to-User Signaling (UUS)
12.4.11 Explicit Call Transfer (ECT)
12.4.12 Multi-Call (MC)
12.4.13 Other Supplementary Services
12.5 Unstructured
Supplementary Service Data
12.5.1 USSD Architecture
12.5.2 USSD Message Flows
Summary
13.1 Introduction
13.2.1 SMS Network Architecture
13.2.2 Mobile-Originated SMS
Procedures
13.2.3 Mobile-Terminated SMS
Procedures
13.2 Short
Message Service
13.3 Cell Broadcast
Service
13.3.1 CBS Network Architecture
13.3.2 CBS Message Transfer Procedures
13.4 Multimedia
Messaging Service
13.4.1 MMS Reference Architecture
13.4.2 MMS Protocol Framework
13.4.3 MMS Message Transfer Procedures
13.5 Location
Services
13.5.1 LCS Logical Reference
Model
13.5.2 LCS Control Procedures
13.5.3 LCS Network Architecture
13.5.4 Mechanisms for Determination
of Location Information
13.5.5 Location-based Services
13.6 Service Capability
Features
13.6.1 SCF Types
13.6.2 SCF Toolkits
Summary
14.1 Introduction
14.2 User Domain
Security
14.3 Network
Access Security
14.3.1 Mutual Authentication
14.3.2 Data Confidentiality
14.3.3 Data Integrity
14.3.4 User Identity Confidentiality
14.3.5 Access Security Flow Diagram
14.4 Network
Domain Security Using MAPsec
14.4.1 Protection Modes and Message
Formats
14.4.2 Components of MAPsec Protocol
14.4.3 Operations of MAPsec
14.4.4 Key Distribution in MAPsec
14.5 Network
Domain Security Using IP Security
14.5.1 Architecture for NDS/IP
14.5.2 Encapsulating Security
Payload (ESP)
14.5.3 Internet Key Exchange
(IKE)
Summary
PART IV—IP INITIATIVES IN UMTS NETWORK
15. IP-based Signaling Transport
15.1 Introduction
15.2.1 Requirements
15.2.2 SIGTRAN Protocol Layering
15.2 IP-based
Signaling Transport From Sigtran
15.3 Stream
Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
15.3.1 Functions of SCTP
15.4 SS7 MTP3
User Adaptation Layer (M3UA)
15.4.1 Functions of M3UA
15.4.2 Scenarios for Deployment
of M3UA in UMTS Network
15.5 SCCP User
Adaptation Layer (SUA)
15.5.1 Functions of SUA
15.5.2 Scenarios for Deployment
of SUA in UMTS Network
15.6 Comparison
Between M3UA and SUA
Summary
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Entities
of IP Multimedia Subsystem
16.2.1 Home Subscriber Server
(HSS)
16.2.2 Call Session Control Function
(CSCF)
16.2.3 Server Locator Function
(SLF)
16.2.4 Application Server (AS)
16.2.5 Entities used for Interworking
16.2.6 Signaling Gateway Function
(SGW)
16.3 Network
Interfaces of IP Multimedia Subsystem
16.3.1 Cx Interface between HSS
– CSCF
16.3.2 Dx Interface between CSCF
and SLF
16.3.3 Sh Interface between HSS
and AS
16.3.4 Si interface between HSS
– CAMEL
16.3.5 ISC Interface between
S-CSCF and AS
16.3.6 Gm Interface between UE
and CSCF
16.3.7 Mc Interface between MGCF
and MGW
16.3.8 Mg Interface between MGCF
and S-CSCF
16.3.9 Mw Interface between x-CSCF
and y-CSCF
16.3.10 Mi Interface between S-CSCF and BGCF
16.3.11 Mj Interface between BGCF and MGCF
16.3.12 Mk Interface between BGCF and BGCF
16.4 IMS Addressing
16.4.1 IMS Private User Identity
(IMPI)
16.4.2 IMS Public User Identity
(IMPU)
16.4.3 Relationship of IMPI and
IMPU
16.5 Subscriber
Data
16.6 Session-unrelated
Procedures
16.6.1 Establishing IMS Transport
16.6.2 Registration
16.6.3 De-registration
16.6.4 Profile Update
16.7 Session-related
Procedures
16.7.1 Service Control
16.7.2 Session Origination
16.7.3 Interworking Procedure
16.7.4 Session Termination
16.8 IMS Protocols
16.8.1 Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP)
16.8.2 Diameter
16.9 Security
in IP Multimedia Subsystem
16.9.1 Access Security
Summary
APPENDICES
A. Deployment of 3G UMTS Network
A.1 Japan
A.2 UK
A.3 Italy
Summary
B.1 Why 4G?
B.2 What Is
4G?
B.3 How To
Achieve 4G?
B.4 When Should
We Expect 4G?
I Specifications
II Books And Papers
III Web Resources
Index